Standard 
Rules of 
America 



%£<: : L? * -tf • ' . -• % *\. 'V- i £V-' 

P BRILL <a HEATH 

P ublishera 
SPOKANE, WASH. 



















STANDARD RULES OF 
AMERICA 




Questions and Answers for Examination of 
Engineers, Conductors, Firemen 
and Brakemen 


Compiled from Examinations. 
By H. R. HEATH 
Formerly of Examining Board, 
and 

JOHN F. BRILL 


As Universally Adopted and Used by the 
Transcontinental Railroads 
of America 


LIBRARV of CONGRESS 
Two Cooies Received 

JUL 25 1904 


Cooyrlfht Entry 

\ LASS' CL XXc. No. 
Cf 2(s> £7 
' COPY B 




Copyright Applied for by 

JOHN F. BRILL 








INDEX. 


Page. 

Requirements for employes _ 9 

Witnesses _ 9 

Discipline _10 

Safety, precautions and casualties_10 

Definitions _11 

Time tables _12 

Yard limits __ 13 

Standard time _14 

Time table signs _17 

Fusees _18 

Duties of Flagman_18 

Engine whistle signals _19 

Torpedoes _21 

Air and bell cord signals _21 

Train signals_22 

Markers_23 

Trains in sections _23 

Fixed signals_ 25 

Signal protecting car repairers_25 

Use of signals _26 

Classification of trains_28 

Clearance orders_30 

Duties of Flagmen -38 

Movement of trains by train orders-45 

Forms of train orders.. 52 

Movement of work trains by train orders 58 

Interlocking rules- 61 

Interlocking signals -62 


3 


































IT WILL BE NECESSARY FOR ANY 
PERSON USING THIS BOOK TO HAVE 
A PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UN¬ 
DERSTANDING OF RAILROADING. 


5 





PREFACE. 


In the United States and the Dominion of 
Canada there are laws requiring railroad 
companies to make up trains of such a num¬ 
ber of cars as to he readily controlled hy air¬ 
brake equipment, and all trains must be sup¬ 
plied with automatic couplers. 

As a result of these laws a vast army of 
employes must have a thorough under¬ 
standing of the rules regulating the opera¬ 
tion of trains. There are so many rules to 
he remembered by members of train crews 
that wrecks, causing loss of property and 
life, often occur through an engineer or 
trainman overlooking a single one of them. 
The marvel is that so few wrecks occur. 

A man desiring employment with a rail¬ 
road company must pass a rigid examination 
to prove his fitness in the operation of a train, 
and many a good man has been turned down 
because he could not answer the questions 
on the rules. Not because of ignorance, but 
on account of his inability to write down in¬ 
telligible answers. Railroad companies are 
spending thousands of dollars educating 
their men on this subject. When an engi¬ 
neer and conductor are required to remem¬ 
ber over 700 rules in a 100 mile run is it any 
wonder that they overlook part of them oc¬ 
casionally? 

One of the objects of this book is to pre¬ 
sent a ready reference to all the questions 
and answers regarding the rules, which can 
be instantly turned to for an answer that is 
exact and to the point. Did you ever hear 
7 



a man say before taking the examination: 
“I would give $10.00 if I knew what ques¬ 
tions will be put to us?” It is rare, indeed, 
to find a railroad man who can correctly an¬ 
swer these rules; not only among the junior 
employes, but also the older men, managers, 
lawyers in the railroad legal department, 
superintendents or master mechanics, and 
nowadays the examination must be taken 
about once a year. 

If called into court to testify in regard 
to an accident case, unless you can give cor¬ 
rect answers as to the rules you may cause 
a severe decision against your company. 

This book as a reference will prevent you 
from becoming “rattled,” and may save your 
company from a disaster. 

When being examined for engine and 
train service you should be confident of 
passing successfully and get promotion with 
flying colors. 

This is the only authentic book published 
filling the above requirements, and giving 
the questions and answers of the Standard 
Rules of America. 

Endorsed and recommended by leading 
railroad officials of the world. 


8 





QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 


Q. 1: Have you a copy of the rules of this 
company governing the employes of 
the operating department, and do 
you fully understand the provisions 
that relate to your particular duty? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 2: Do you understand that you are re¬ 
quired to have a copy of these rules 
accessible when on duty? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 3: Where are the special instructions 
to he found? 

A. In time table. 

Q. 4: What is expected of you when the 
meaning of any rule or special in¬ 
struction is not clear to you? 

A. To apply to the trainmaster, super¬ 
intendent or M. M. for instructions. 

Q. 5: Do you understand that you are re¬ 
quired to know that the cars, tools, 
and appliances with which, and the 
premises on which you work, are 
in a safe condition, and whether or 
not you may he at the time acting 
under the orders of a superior you 
must not risk your own safety or 
that of others? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 6: Do you understand that the use of 
intoxicants by employes while on 
duty is prohibited, and that their 


9 



habitual use or the unnecessary fre¬ 
quenting of places where they are 
sold, while on duty, is sufficient 
cause for dismissal? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 7: Do you understand that the use of 
tobacco by employes when on duty, 
in or about passenger stations or 
passenger trains, is prohibited? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 8: Must employes on duty wear pres¬ 
cribed badges and uniforms and be 
neat in appearance? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 9: Do you understand that all acci¬ 

dents involving injury to persons or 
damage to tracks, structure or roll¬ 
ing stock must be reported prompt¬ 
ly by wire to the proper officer and 
confirmed by mail, and that in case 
of injury to persons the names and 
addresses of as many witnesses as 
possible must be obtained? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 10: Do you understand that cars must 
not be placed on the main track to 
be loaded or unloaded unless au¬ 
thorized so to do? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 11: Do you understand that wood, lum¬ 
ber, stone or other material must 
not be piled within six feet of the 
rails? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 12: Do you understand that you are re¬ 
quired to familiarize yourself with 


10 



the location of all structures or ob¬ 
structions along the line that will 
not clear you when on top or side 
of cars or engine? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 13: Do you understand the telegraph 
must not be used unless advisable 
in the company’s interest, and that 
all telegrams must be brief as pos¬ 
sible and consistent with clear un¬ 
derstanding? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 14: What is a train? 

A. An engine or more than one engine 

coupled with or without cars dis¬ 
playing markers, the movement of 
which has been authorized by time 
table or train orders. 


Q. 

15: What is a regular train? 


A. 

A time table train. 


Q. 

16: May a regular train consist of 

sec¬ 


tions? 


A. 

Yes. 


Q. 

17: What is an extra train? 


A. 

A train not authorized by the 
table. 

time 

Q. 

18: What is a section train? 


A. 

One or two or more trains running 
under the same schedule, displaying 
green signals or for which green 


signals are displayed. 


Q. 

19: What is a superior train? 


A. 

A train having right of track 
other trains. 

over 


11 



Q. 20: How is a train made superior to an¬ 
other train? 

A. By train order or schedule. 

Q. 21: Is a train order superior to a sched¬ 
ule? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 22: What is superior direction and 
where is it specified? 

A. As specified in the time table, the 
direction in which regular trains 
are superior to trains of the same 
class in the opposite direction. 

Q. 23: What is a time table? 

A. The authority for the movement of 
regular trains, subject to rules; it 
contains the classified schedule of 
trains and special instructions relat¬ 
ing thereto. 

Q. 24: What is a schedule? 

A. That part of the time table which 
prescribes the direction, class num¬ 
ber and movement of regular trains. 

Q. 25: What is a main track? 

A. A track upon which trains are op¬ 
erated by time table or train orders. 

Q. 26: What is a single track? 

A. A track upon which trains are 
operated in both directions. 

Q. 27: What is a double track? 

A. Two main tracks, upon one of which 

the current of traffic is in one direc¬ 
tion, and upon the other in the op- 
site direction. 

Q. 28: What is a siding? 

A. A track auxiliary to the main track, 
for meeting and passing trains. 

12 



! Q. 29: What is a yard? 

J A. Tracks within defined limits over 
which movements may be made not 
authorized by time table or train 
orders, subject to prescribed signals 
and regulations. 

Q. 30: How are yard limits defined? 

A. By yard limit signals or yard limit 
boards. 

Q. 31: What is a yard engine? 

A. An engine assigned to yard service 
and working within yard limits. 

Q. 32: What is a station? 

A. A place designated on time table at 
which there is a train order office 
or a siding, or at which trains stop 
to receive or discharge passengers 
or traffic. 

Q. 33: What is a fixed signal? 

A. A signal of fixed location, having 
two or more indications affecting 
the movement of trains. 

Q. 34: What is a pilot? 

A. A person assigned to a train when 
the engineer or conductor or both 
are not fully acquainted with the 
physical characteristics or running 
rules of the road or a portion of 
the road over which the train is to 
be moved. 


Q. 

35: 

Has your watch been examined: 

A. 


Yes. 

Q. 

36: 

At what time must certificates be 
renewed? 

A. 


January and July. 


13 




Q. 

37: 

At what point over section which 
you run are clocks designated “com¬ 
parison location?” 

A. 


As per instruction of your road. 

Q. 

38: 

When are you required to compare 
your watches with them? 

A. 


Before starting on each trip. 

Q. 

39: 

Must you register the variation? 

A. 


Yes. 

Q. 

40: 

If clock is not accessible, how will 
you obtain standard time? 

A. 


From dispatcher. 

Q. 

41: 

With whom must you compare time 
before starting on a trip? 

A. 


Engineers and conductors must 
compare time before starting on 
trip. 

Q. 

42: 

Must you have a copy of the cur- 


rent time table accessible when on 
duty? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 43: Does each time table from the mo¬ 
ment it takes effect supersede the 
preceding time table? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 44: When a new time table takes effect 

how will regular trains be gov¬ 
erned? 

A. Will be governed by new time table 

from the moment it takes effect; a 
train on the preceding time table 
must retain its train orders and 
take the schedule of the train of 
the succeeding time table, the same 
number on the new time table, un- 

14 


less that train is due on the new 
time table to leave its initial point 
within twelve hours from the mo¬ 
ment the ne\V time table takes ef¬ 
fect, in which case the train on the 
preceding time tables loses all its 
rights at the time the new time 
table takes effect, and can there¬ 
after proceed only by train orders. 

Q. 45: If No. 2 was due to leave A at 11:00 
P. M., and the new time table took 
effect at 12:01 A. M., showing No. 2 
to leave A at 7:00 A. M., and an 
extra west met No. 2 at D at 11:50 
P. M., would the extra require help 
against No. 2 on the new time ta¬ 
ble? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 46: Would No. 2 of the old time table 
assume the right of No. 2 on the 
new time table? 

A. No. 

N. B.—The writer has found differ¬ 
ences in the last three rul¬ 
ings. You will be required 
to answer according to your 
particular road. 

Q. 47: If a regular train starts on its trip, 
and before completing the same a 
new time table took effect, what 
right would it have if there were no 
train having the same number on 
the new time table? 

A. No right whatever as a regular 

train. 

Q. 48: If it had the same number, but the 
schedule was earlier on the new 


15 





time table, how would it be gov¬ 
erned ? 

A. Run as prescribed by rules, or ask 
for instructions. 

Q. 49: If it was scheduled later on the new 
time table than the old one, how 
would it be governed? 

A. Ask for instructions. 

Q. 50: If a time table took effect at 12:01 
A. M. January 4th, showing a new 
train to leave A, its initial point, at 
11:00 P. M., what time could it 
leave A? 

A. 22 hours and 59 minutes after the 
new time table took effect. 

Q. 51: How is an extra train governed 
' when a new time table takes effect? 

A. Destroy former time table and take 

up the new one; run as prescribed 
by rules and schedules. 

Q. 52: Are more than two> times given for 
a train at any point ? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 53: When one is given, what does it in¬ 
dicate? 

A. The leaving time. 

Q. 54: When two are given, what does it 
indicate? 

A. The arriving and leaving time. 

Q. 55: How are schedule meeting points 
indicated? 

A. In figures of full faced type. 


16 




Q. 56: When both leaving and arriving 
times are in full faced type what 
does it indicate? 

A. That one or more trains are to be 
met or passed. 

Q. 57: If there are one or more trains to 
be met or passed, a train between 
two times, or more than one train to 
meet or pass at any point, how is 
attention called to it? 

A. By small figures showing number of 

trains to be met or passed. 

Q. 58: When the following signs are placed 
before the figures of the schedule, 
what does it indicate? 

S Stop. 

* Trains do not stop for passen¬ 
gers. 

-J- Stop for meals. 

F Flag station. 

E Leaving time. 

A Arriving time. 

T Turn table. 

D T Double track. 

Q 59: What do the following signs indi¬ 
cate? 

D Day telegraph station. 

N Night telegraph station. 

D N Day and night telegraph sta¬ 
tion. 

W Water 
Y Wye 
C Coal. 

Q. 60: How are names of stations at which 
there are sidings for meeting and 
passing trains indicated? 

A. In full face type. 


17 






Q. 

61 

A. 


Q. 

62 

A. 


Q. 

A. 

63 

Q. 

A. 

64 

Q. 

A. 

65 

Q. 

A. 

66 

Q. 

A. 

67 

Q. 

A. 

68 

Q. 

69 

A. 


Q. 

A. 

70 

Q. 

A. 

71 

Q. 

A. 

72 

Q. 

A. 

73 


When must night signals be dis¬ 
played ? 

From sunset to sunrise. 

When weather or other conditions 
obscure day signals, must night sig¬ 
nals be displayed also? 

Yes. 

What does red indicate? 

Stop, and as prescribed by rules. 

Green? 

Proceed, and as prescribed by rules. 
Yellow? 

Yellow is caution. 

White and green? 

Flag station. 

What does a red fusee indicate? 
Stop until burned out. 

Yellow fusee? 

Caution. 

What precaution is necessary in 
placing fusee? 

Must not place them near public 
road crossings, drawbridges or 
where they are liable to start fire. 

What is a signal to stop? 

Swung across the track. 

A signal to proceed? 

Raise and lower vertically. 

Signal to back? 

Swung vertically in a circle across 
the track. 

Signal for train parted? 

Swung vertically in a circle at arms 
length across the track. 

18 



Q. 74: Signal to apply air-brake? 

A. Swung horizontally in a circle. 

Q. 75: Signal to release air-brake? 

A. Held at arm’s length above the head, 
lowered, and raised again until re¬ 
sponded to. 

Q. 76: Do you understand that any object 
waved violently by any one on or 
near the track, is not to be passed 
unnoticed? 

A. Yes. 

Locomotive Whistle Signals. 

Q. 77: One short? 

A. Stop, apply brake. 

Q. 78: Two short? 

A. Answer to any signal not otherwise 

provided for. 

Q. 79: Three short when standing? 

A. Train will back. 

Q. 80: Three short when running? 

A. Will stop at next station. 

Q. 81: Four short. 

A. Call for signal. 

Q. 82: One short and one long, when dou¬ 
ble heading? 

A. Air brake failed on leading engine, 

second engine take control of 
brakes. 

Q. 8$): One short, a long and a short? 

A. Notice to track men and others of 

fire or stock on the line, and that 

their services are required. 


19 


Q. 84: Two short and a long? 

A. Answer to, attention called to sfgnal 
carried. 

Q. 85: Two long? 

A. Proceed, release brakes. 

Q. 86: Three long, when train is running? 

A. Train parted, and answer to train 
part signal. 

Q. 87: Four long? 

A. Calling flagman from west or south. 

Q. 88: Five long? 

A. Calling flagman from east or north. 

Q. 89: One long and two short? 

A. To call the attention of trains affect¬ 

ed to signals carried. 

Q. 90: One long and three short? 

A. Train will stop, flagman drop off 

and protect rear of train. 

Q. 91: Two long and two short? 

A. To be sounded at whistling posts 
when approaching public road cross¬ 
ing, at grades and approaching 
curves. 

Q. 92: One long? 

A. To be sounded when approaching : 
stations, junctions, draw-bridges, 
railroad crossings, etc. 

Q. 93: A succession of short whistles? 

A. Is an alarm that persons or cat Je 

are on the track, notice to trainmen 
of danger ahead. 

Q. 94: What does the explosion of one tor¬ 
pedo indicate? 

A. Stop. 

' 


20 






Q. 95: Two torpedoes not more than 200 
feet apart? 

A. Caution. 

Q. 96: What precaution is necessary in 

placing torpedoes? 

A. They must not be placed at public 

crossings or stations or where per¬ 
sons are liable to be injured by 
them. 

Air Whistle and Bell Cord. Signals. 

Q. 97: With bell cord what does one tap 
indicate when train is running? 

A. Train parted. 

Q. 98: Two when standing? 

A. Start. 

Q. 99: Two when running? 

A. Stop. 

Q. 100: Three when standing? 

A. Back up. 

Q. 101: Three when running? 

A. Stop at next station. 

Q. 102: Pour when standing? 

A. Apply and release air-brake. 

Q. 103: Pour when running? 

A. Reduce speed. 

Q. 104: Five when standing? 

A. Call in flagman. 

Q. 105: Five when running? 

A. Increase speed. 

Q. 106: Six when running? 

A. Furnish more steam for heater. 

(Nigger cold.) 

21 


Q. 107: Seven when running? 

A. Release brakes, or a sticking brake. 


Train Signals. 

Q. 108: What signal in head lamp of every 
engine at night? 

A. White. 

Q. 109: What must be done with the head¬ 
light when the engine is in siding, 
switches secure, or at double track, 
Ciear of signal track, junction, and 
clear of main track? 

A. Covered. 

Q. 110: Must headlight be concealed before 
all trains using the same siding are 
clear of main track and switches 
secured? 

A. No. 

Q. Ill: When the engine of a train at night 
is backing and not pushing any cars, 
what light must be displayed on 
tender in the direction in which the 
engine is moving? 

A. White. 

Q. 112: What lights will yard engines dis¬ 
play in headlamps by night. 

A. White. 

Q. 113: If no headlight on rear of yard en¬ 
gine, what other lights must be dis¬ 
played? 

A. Two white lights. 

Q. 114: Will yard engines display markers? 

A. No. 


22 




Q. 115: 

What are markers; where are they 
displayed, and what do they indi¬ 
cate? 

A. 

A green flag by day, a green light by 
night, to the front and side, and a 
red to the rear, displayed on rear 
end of train, and indicates rear end 
of train. 

Q. 116: 

If at a meeting point a train met or 
passed you without displaying mark¬ 
ers, what would it indicate, and 
what would you do? 

A. 

It would indicate that all the train 
had not arrived; wait for it unless 
otherwise instructed. 


Q. 117: When trains have taken sidings to 


A. 

be passed by another train, what 
light will be displayed on the rear 
when train is clear of the main 
track and switches right and se¬ 
cured? 

Green. 

Q. 118: 

What light must be displayed on 
cupola of van at night? 

A. 

Green to the front and red to the 

rear. 

Q. 119: 

What change is made in cupola 
lights when train is in the clear and 
switches secured? 

A. 

White to the front and green to the 
rear. 

Q. 120: 

What do two green flags by day, and 
in addition to green lights by night, 
on the front of an engine indicate? 

A. 

That a section of that train is fol¬ 
lowing. 


23 


Q. 121: On what part of an engine are sig¬ 
nals always displayed? 

A. On the front end in the places pro¬ 
vided for that purpose. 

Q. 122: What sections of a train display 
signals? 

A. All sections except the last. 

Q. 123: Must a train displaying signals see 
that the following section does not 
pass them unless authorized by 
train orders or as prescribed by 
rules? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 124: What do two white flags by day and 
two white lights by night on the 
front of an engine indicate? 

A. The train is running as an extra. 

Q. 125: Where are such signals always dis¬ 
played? 

A. On the engine near its front end. 

Q. 126: When two or more engines are 
coupled to a train, which engine 
displays and gives signals? 

A. The leading engine. 

Q. 127: If only one flag or light is displayed, 
when in rules two are prescribed, 
how must it be regarded? 

A. The same as two. 

Q. 128: Who is responsible for proper dis¬ 
play of signals? 

A. Engineer and Conductor. 

Q. 129: When cars are pushed by an en¬ 
gine, what lights must be displayed 
on front of leading car at night? 

A. White. 


24 



Q. 130: Is this necessary when switching or 
making np trains in yards? 

A. No. 

Q. 131: Is it always necessary over public 


A. 

crossings, at grades even in yards? 
Yes. 

Q. 132: 

Must each car on passenger trains 
be connected by communicating sig¬ 
nal appliances? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 133: 

What does a blue flag by day and 
a blue light by night indicate? 

A. 

That .workmen are under or about 
the car, engine or train. 

Q. 134: 

Who are authorized to remove blue 
signals? 

A. 

The same workmen who placed 
them there. 

Q. 135: 

Under what conditions may cars be 
placed on same track so as to in¬ 
tercept view of blue signal? 

A. 

By first having workmen remove 
blue signal until cars are placed. 

Q. 136: 

Fixed Signals. 

What does a green light at a switch 
or the target parallel with the main 
track, indicate? 

A. 

Switch is set for main track. 

Q. 137: 

What does a red light or target at 
right angles to the main track indi¬ 
cate? 

A. 

Switch is set for other than the 
main track. 


25 



Q. 138: What is the ordinary normal indi¬ 
cation of yard limit signals, and of 
fixed protection signals at railway 
crossings, at grades, junctions, draw¬ 
bridges, end of double track, and 
other points? 

A. To stop. 

Q. 139: When there is no one on duty, what 
is the normal indication referred to? 

A. Proceed. 

Q. 140: When tne semaphores are used, 

what is “stop” indication? 

A. A red light or the arm in horizontal 

position. 

Q. 141: What is proceed” indication? 

A. A green light, or the arm in a dia¬ 
gonal position, at an angle of 60 de¬ 
grees below the horizontal line. 

Use of Signals. 

Q. 142: How is a signal imperfectly dis¬ 
played, or the absence of a signal 
at a place where one is usually 
shown, to be regarded, and to whom 
must it be reported? 

A. As a stop signal; report to super¬ 

intendent. 

Q. 143: What signal is to be used to stop 
a train at a flag station indicated 
on the scnedule of that train? 

A. A combination green and white. 

Q. 144: What signal is to be used to stop 

a train at a point that is not a flag 
station for that train? 

A. Red. 


26 


Q. 145: Must an engine bell be rung when 
an engine is about to be moved? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 146: When approaching public road 
crossings, what whistle signal must 
be given and what distance? 

A. Two long and two short; 80 rods or 
a quarter of a mile. 

Q. 147: What whistle signal at whistling 
posts? 

A. Two long and two short. 

Q. 148: At stations, watering, fueling points, 
drawbridges, R. R. crossing, what 
whistle signals, and what distance 
from each? 

A. One long; distance one mile. 

Q. 149: To what trains must an engine dis¬ 
playing green signals give the en¬ 
gine whistle signal one long and 
two short, and what answer must it 
receive? 

A. To every train of the same or in¬ 

ferior class, and to every train of 
superior class affected by the sig¬ 
nals; answer is two short and one 
long. 

Q. 150: If no answer is received, what must 
be done? 

A. Stop and notify it of the green sig¬ 

nals displayed. 

Q. 151: Do you understand that whistle and 
bell must not be used unnecessarily 
near passenger trains, and only as 
prescribed by the rules to prevent 
accident? 

A. Yes. 


27 






Classification of Trains. 


Q. 152: Are trains of the first class superior 


A. 

to trains of the second class, and so 
on? 

Yes. 

Q. 153: 

Are extra trains all inferior to regu¬ 
lar trains? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 154: 

When does a regular train lose its 
schedule rights? 

A. 

12 hours behind its schedule time. 

Q. 155: 

When do all orders issued to a regu¬ 
lar train become void? 

A. 

When that train becomes 12 hours 
late. 

Q. 156: 

After a regular train loses its right, 
in what way will it be authorized to 
move? 

A. 

By the authority from the train dis¬ 
patcher, or as per rule. 

Q. 157: 

If No. 2 was due at B at 7:00 A. M., 
and an extra held an order reading 
“No. two (2) will run eleven (11) 
hours late, A. to D.,” how long 
should extra wait at B for No. 2? 

A. 

Until No. 2 arrives or becomes 12 
hours late. 

Q. 158: 

If extra 430 held an order to meet 
No. 2 at B, at which point No. 2 
was due at 7:00 A. M., how long 
should extra 430 wait for No. 2? 

A. 

Until No. 2 arrived or until No. 2 
became 12 hours late. 

Q. 159: 

If No. 2 was in sections and the first 
section passed B 11 hours and 30 
28 1 



A. 


minutes late, how long should extra 
430 wait for second section? 

Until No. 2 was 12 hours late on her 
schedule time. 

Q. 160: When would section No. 2 lose right 
of track? 

A. When first section becomes 12 hours 

late. 

Q. 161: Are all sections of a train entitled 
to the same schedule rights? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 162: May a train leave its initial point 
on any section or branch, or a junc¬ 
tion, or pass from double to single 
track before it has ascertained 
, whether all trains due which are su¬ 
perior to it or of the same class, 
have arrived or left? 

A. No. 

Q. 163: What is required of you in regard 
to bulletins before leaving the initial 
point of any section or branch? 

A. Read and sign for them unless oth¬ 

erwise directed. 

Q. 164: What is required of you in regard 
to registers at registering points? 

A. Must be examined and your train 

registered unless otherwise directed. 

Q. 165: Where are registering points desig¬ 
nated? 

A. In the time card. 

Q. 166: Where are registering stations lo¬ 

cated on the section over which you 
run? 

A. (According to section over which 

you run.) 


29 






Q. 167: 
A. 


Q. 168: 


A. 

Q. 169: 


A. 


Q. 170: 
A. 

Q. 171: 


A. 


Q. 172: 


A. 

Q. 173: 


A. 


Who checks register and procur 
terminal clearance? 

Conductor of train, engineer of lig 
engine. 


Do you understand that a train mi 
not leave its initial point on a 
section or branch without a termii 
clearance? 

Yes, unless otherwise directed. 

Name the junction, end of dou 
track, initial points on the sect: 
over which you run? 

(As per section over which y 
run.) j 

May a train leave a point at wh 
the yard limit signal indicates stc 

*1 


May a train leave its initial pc 
on any section or branch or a jr 
tion on the time of an overdue ti 
of the same class, running in 
same direction? 

Yes, running on its own sched 
and the overdue train will run 
prescribed by rules. 


n 


In case a leading section ha§ pas | 
such a point, would another tu 
of the same class have a right tc 
ahead of following section of si 
overdue train? 

Yes. 

Do you understand that a t . 
must not start until a proper sir. ' 
is given? 

I do. 


30 







174: What is required of a train of an 
inferior class with respect to a train 
of superior class? 

Must keep out of the way of supe¬ 
rior class train. 

175: What is required of a train that 
fails to clear the main track by the 
time required by rule? 

It must be protected as prescribed 
by rule. 

176: In what direction have trains right 
to track over trains opposing of the 
same class, on the section over 
which you run? 

East bound, or even numbered 
trains. 

L77: At meeting points of regular trains 
of the same class, other than train 
order meeting points, which train 
must take the siding? 

West bound or odd numbered trains. 

.78: When should it be in the siding, 
clear of the main line? 

To clear the leaving time of the 
opposing train, according to rule on 
your particular road. 

79: Which switch would it take? 

First one. 

80: When necessary to pass a switch 
to back in on a siding, what must 
be done? 

Protect as per rule. 

81: How many minutes must a train 
clear the time of a superior train? 
At least five minutes before .the 
leaving time of the opposing train. 

31 



Q. 182: At meeting points fixed by train 
orders, which train must take siding 
when practicable? 

A. Inferior class trains or trains in the 
inferior direction, unless otherwise 
directed. 

Q. 183: Under what conditions may trains 
in the superior direction, not stop 
at schedule meeting or passing 
points of trains of the same class? 

A. Must stop clear of the switch to be 

taken by the opposing train, unless 
that train is due to leave with the 
tracks clear and switches right. 

Q. 184: How must the superior train ap¬ 
proach all sidings until the expected 
train is met? 

A. Prepared to stop. 

Q. 185: May trains pass any meeting point 
without positively knowing that the 
train or trains are those which have 
right of track over them? 

A. No. 

Q. 186: How many minutes must an inferior 
train keep off the time of a superior 
train in the same direction? 

A. Ten minutes. 

Q. 187: If unauthorized by train order or 
block signal rule, when may one 
train follow another in the same di¬ 
rection, from a station? 

A. In 10 minutes, or on a report of its 

arrival from the station ahead. 

Q. 188: Must this interval be maintained 
except closing up at stations? 

A. Yes. 


32 



Q- 189: If the train ahead is a passenger 
train, and the next station ahead is 
a telegraph office, what information 
do you require before following it, 
unless authorized by train orders 
or block signal rules? 

A. A report of its arrival at the next 
station ahead. 

Q. 190: If the telegraph line fails and you 
cannot get the information required 
in question, what do you require, 
and when may you go? 

A. A clearance, noting “wire failed,” 
twenty minutes after. 

Q. 191: In case the station is not a tele¬ 
graph office, when may you leave? 

A. Twenty minutes after the departure 
of the train ahead. 

Q. 192: May a train arrive at a station in 
advance of its schedule leaving 
time? 

A. Yes, 5 minutes, but not more than 5. 

Q. 193: May a train leave a station in ad¬ 
vance of a schedule leaving time? 

A. No. 

Q. 194: May a first class train arrive at a 
station where only the leaving time 
is shown, more than 5 minutes in 
advance of its schedule leaving 
time? 

A. No. 

Q. 195: If a regular train falls hack on the 
time of a regular train of the same 
class, does it lose its right over that 
train? 

A. No. 


33 





Q. 196: What is required of a train unable 
to keep out of the way of a follow¬ 
ing train of the same class? 

A. Will allow the following train to 
pass, and each proceed on its own 
right. 

Q. 197: Under what conditions may a sec¬ 
tion pass another section of the 
same train? 

A. By an order from the dispatcher, 

and as provided by rules with the 
exchange of all train orders. 

Q. 198: In case a train overtakes a train 
of the same or superior class, so 
disabled that it cannot proceed, un¬ 
der what conditions may it pass the 
disabled train? 

A. By assuming its schedule, taking its 

train orders, and displaying its sig¬ 
nals. 

Q. 199: When a disabled train is passed by 
a following train which has assum¬ 
ed its schedule and orders, under 
what right does the disabled train 
move? 

A. The disabled train will assume the 
schedule, take the train orders, and 
display the signals of the last train 
with which it exchanged, and will 
proceed, and will report at the first 
office at which an operator is acces¬ 
sible. 

Q. 200: What authority is required for run¬ 
ning an extra train? 

A. Orders from the dispatcher. 


34 


Q. 201: By whose authority shall a train 
display green signals for a follow¬ 
ing train? 

A. Dispatcher’s, except as prescribed 

by rules. 

Q. 202: When green signals displayed for 
a section, are taken down at any 
point except a terminal point of any 
section or branch, before the train 
for which they were displayed ar¬ 
rives, what is required of conduc¬ 
tors ? 

A. Before taking down signals, must 

arrange with operator or with flag¬ 
man left for the purpose, to notify 
all trains of the same or inferior 
class, and opposing trains of supe¬ 
rior class affected by these signals, 
that the train for which these sig¬ 
nals were displayed has not arriv¬ 
ed; he must obtain in writing from 
the operator or flagman left, an un¬ 
derstanding to notify such trains. 
The latter must remain on duty un¬ 
less otherwise directed by dispatch¬ 
er, who will then be responsible. 

Q. 203: How must trains approach stations, 
junctions, end of double track, wa¬ 
tering and fueling points? 

A. Cautiously; prepared to stop. 

Q. 204: Must extra trains approach above 

points with extra precaution? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 205: How must all trains except first 

class trains, approach and pass 
through yard limits defined by the 
yard limit boards? 

Prepared to stop. 

35 


A. 


Q. 206: How must an approaching train 
finding the yard limit signal display¬ 
ed at “stop,” be governed? 

A. Stop outside it, sound one long 

whistle, then move ahead cautiously 
with a flagman in advance, unless 
the track is seen to be clear and 
unobstructed. 

Q. 207: Should any portion of the train re¬ 
main outside the yard limit signal, 
what must be done? 

A. It must be protected, as per rule. 

Q. 208: If a train enters a yard when the 
signal is displayed at “stop,’’ what 
precaution is required if the track 
cannot be seen to be clear? 

A. Follow a flagman in advance. 

Q. 209: Do you understand that trains must 
stop and procure signal from signal¬ 
man before passing over drawbridge 
or R, R. crossing, at grades, unless 
there is an interlocking plant? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 210: What speed must passenger and 
freight trains, respectively, not ex¬ 
ceed, over R. R. crossings and 

drawbridges? 

A. Passenger, 12 miles per hour; 

freight, 8 miles per hour. 

Q. 211: What signal must engineers on ev¬ 
ery train except passenger train, 
get from conductor one mile from 
every siding at which the train is 
not required to stop? 

A. Proceed signal. 


36 



Q. 212: What is required of engineer if he 
does not get signal in question? 

A. Stop clear of the switch to be taken 

by opposing train. 

Q. 213: Must brakemen be on top of mixed 
freight and work trains one mile 
from, and until a quarter of a mile 
past stations, yard limits, draw¬ 
bridges, and R. R. crossings at 
grades, and also on descending or 
ascending grades, or at any other 
point or time where or when their 
services are liable to be required? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 214: Where must there be a brakeman 
on any freight train, standing or in 
motion, on ascending grade, and 
passing and leaving a station? 

A. On the rear ca.r. 

Q. 215: What is the maximum time road 
crossings are allowed to be blocked? 

A. Not more than five minutes. 

Q. 216: Do you understand that freight cars 

must not be placed on trains in 
rear of cars which have passengers 
in them? 

A. I do. 

Q. 217: Do you understand engines on 
trains must not be changed without 
permission from the dispatcher, ex¬ 
cept in cases of emergency, when 
the dispatcher cannot be communi¬ 
cated with? 

A. I do. 

Q. 218: In such as above cases, when must 
dispatcher be advised of it? 

A. First available telegraph station. 

37 


Q. 219: What are the duties of conductor 
and engineer, relating to other 
trains, when such a change is 
made? 

A. Stop and notify them of the change 

made. 

Q. 220: May engines under steam be left 
on the main track or any other 
track, with switches set for main 
track, without an authorized person 
in charge? 

A. No. 

Q. 221: When are engineers responsible for 
movement of engines? 

A. From the time they take charge of 

them until they turn them over to 
the hostler. 

Q. 222: When a train has occasion to stop 
on the main track, should care be 
taken to stop where the view is 
long and clear, and if practicable, 
where there is no curve within half 
a mile of its rear? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 223: When must the flagman go back 
and protect rear of train? 

A. When a train stops on the main 

track under circumstances under 
which it may be overtaken by an¬ 
other train, and not otherwise pro¬ 
tected. 

Q. 224: What distance go back under fol¬ 
lowing conditions: In daytime, 

when there is no down grade with¬ 
in one mile of its rear and there is 
a clear view of its rear of 2,000 
38 


A. 


yards, 40 telegraph poles, from an 
approaching train? 

Five hundred yards, 10 telegraph 
poles. 

Q. 225: At other times and places, if there 
is no down grade within one mile 
of its rear? 

A. Twelve hundred yards, 24 telegraph 
poles. 

Q. 226: If there is a down grade within one 
mile? 

A. Eighteen hundred yards, 36 tele¬ 

graph poles. 

Q. 227: How far beyond prescribed distance 
and on what rail must flagman place 
torpedo? 

A. Five hundred yards, 10 telegraph 

poles, on engineer’s side. 

Q. 228: How far apart must torpedoes be 
placed? 

A. Two rail lengths. 

Q. 229: Must flagman take position where 
there is an unobstructed view of 
him on an approaching train, if pos¬ 
sible 500 yards, 10 telegraph poles? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 230: How long must flagman remain in 

prescribed position? 

A. Until called or relieved. 

Q. 231: If at night he is called before an¬ 

other train arrives or when weather 
or other conditions obstruct day sig¬ 
nals, or when snow plow or flanger 
may be running, what other signals 
must he use to insure full protec¬ 
tion? 

A fusee burning red. 

39 


A. 


Q. 232: Must front portion of train be pro¬ 
tected as well as rear, when neces¬ 
sary? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 233: If there he no front end brakeman 

to protect the front end of train, 
who will do so if necessary? 

A. Fireman. 

Q. 234: What equipment do flagmen require 
for day and what for night? 

A. A red flag and four torpedoes for 

day; a red light and four torpedoes, 
three red fusees and a supply of 
matches by night. 

Q. 235: Do you understand that trains and 
yard engines have the right to work 
on main line within yard limits, on 
the time of all trains except first 
class trains? 

A. I do. 

Q. 236: Must a train on the main track in 
yards, equipped with yard limit sig¬ 
nals, be protected by such signals 
against all trains? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 237: Do you understand a train on the 
main track at watering and fueling 
points, or between switches at a sta¬ 
tion, is not required to protect itself 
against extra trains except those 
that have been given right of track 
over it, unless curvature or weather 
or other conditions prevent a clear 
view of its rear 1,000 yards, 20 tele¬ 
graph poles, from following train? 

A. I do. 


40 


Q. 238: When flagman is protecting rear of 
train, who takes his place? 

A. Front brakeman or baggageman on 

passenger train. 

Q. 239: When a train is delayed or ap¬ 
proaching a point at which it will 
stop, and should be protected by a 
flagman, when is flagman to drop 
off? 

A. As soon as he can safely do so. 

Q. 240: In case a train is unable to reach 
the next station to clear an ap¬ 
proaching train, how must it be pro¬ 
tected? 

A. It must be immediately protected, 

front and rear, as prescribed by 
rule. 

Q. 241: In case a train is to be moved in 
either direction, under protection, 
what distance must flagman pre¬ 
cede and follow it, unless it is other¬ 
wise sufficiently protected? 

A. Twenty-five hundred yards, 50 tele¬ 
graph poles, in advance; 2000 yards, 
40 telegraph poles, in the rear, and 
the distance maintained. 

Q. 242: If a defect in the track affecting its 
safety is discovered by a passing 
train, what is flagman’s duty? 

A. Go back and protect, as prescribed 

by rule, to stop and notify following 
train. 

Q. 243: When a rail is to be changed or the 
main track is otherwise unsafe for 
trains to pass over it, do you under¬ 
stand the defective spot must be 
protected, the same as a train? 

I do. 


A. 


41 



Q. 244: 

If it is impossible to thus protect 
defective point in either direction 
and do the required work, what sig¬ 
nal will trackmen use? 

A. 

A red flag by day, and in addition a 
red light by night, and when other 
conditions obscure day signals. 

Q. 245: 

On what side of track will they be 
placed? 

A. 

On engineer’s side. 


Q. 246: What whistle signal must be sound- 


A. 

ed by train so stopped? 

One long and three short. 

Q. 247: 

If a train explodes two torpedoes 
and finds a yellow flag or a yellow 
light, what does it indicate? 

A. 

Indicates caution. 

Q. 248: 

How should such train then pro¬ 
ceed? 

A. 

Run with caution until the defective 
track is passed, and be prepared to 
stop if necessary, for the next two 
miles. 

Q. 249: 

Must exploded torpedoes be re¬ 
placed ? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 250: 

If a train does not make its usual 
speed and is liable to be overtaken 
by a train, what precaution must be 
taken? 

A. 

A yellow fusee burning must be left 
on the track. 


42 


Q. 251: 

In case a train breaks in two, but 
not an air brake train, what is re¬ 
quired of the front portion? 

A. 

Must keep out of the way of rear 
portion, and sound three long whis¬ 
tles until it is known that the rear 
portion has been stopped. 

Q. 252: 

What right would front portion have 
to return for detached portion? 

A. 

A perfect right. 

Q. 253: 

If you overtook a train that has 
parted, how would you be governed? 

A. 

Remain there until the rear portion 
was removed, unless otherwise di¬ 
rected. 

Q. 254: 

What precaution must be taken in 
regard to draft rigging before re¬ 
turning for detached portion? 

A. 

Must be known to be in safe condi¬ 
tion. 

Q. 255: 

If in case of parting or doubling, 
the front portion reaches a station 
at which there is an operator, must 
the engineer get an understanding 
in writing from the operator that 
he will hold all trains until he ar¬ 
rives? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 256: 

When cars are pushed by engine, 
except in switcning, must flagman 
take position on leading car? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 257: 

How must messages or orders re¬ 
specting the movement of trains, or 
the condition of track or bridges, be 
sent or given? 

A. 

In writing. 


43 


Q. 258: To whom and from what point must 
delays to trains, fire, fences or tele¬ 
graph line, live stock or the track, 
be reported: 

A. To the dispatcher, from the first 

station. 

Q. 259: To whom and at what point must 
defective track or anything affect¬ 
ing the safety, be reported? 

A. To dispatcher, from first station. 

Q. 260: After using main track switches, 
how should they be left? 

A. Set and locked for main track. 

Q. 261: How must other switches be left? 

A. As they are found. 

Q. 262: Who is responsible for the position 
of switches used by crew, except 
where switchmen are stationed'? 

A. The conductor. 

Q. 263: Under what conditions may a 
switch be left open for another 
train ? 

A. When another trainman has charge 

of it, or switchman. 

Q. 264: What position must those operat¬ 

ing switches take while trains are 
passing? 

A. un the opposite side to switch. 

Q. 265: Who must see that switches are set 
right in front of train? 

A. Engineer. 

Q. 266: Do you understand that both con¬ 
ductor and engineer are responsible 
for the safety of their train, and 

44 



A. 

under conditions not provided by 
the rules, must take every precau¬ 
tion for their protection? 

I do. 

Q. 267: 

What is required of you in fog, 
smoky or stormy weather? 

A. 

Extra precaution must be taken. 

Q. 268: 

What are you to do in case of 
doubt or uncertainty? 

A. 

Take the safe course, run no risk. 

Q. 269: 

Movement by Train Orders. 

For movements not provided for by 
the time table, who will issue train 
orders? 

A. 

Train dispatcher. 

Q. 270: 

With what restriction may combi¬ 
nation orders be given? 

A. 

Providing there be no movement in 
order which does not directly affect 
the first named train in the order. 

Q. 271: 

To whom are train orders to be ad¬ 
dressed? 

A. 

To train and to persons who are to 
execute or observe them. 

Q. 272: 

If an order is addressed to a train, 
to whom must it be regarded as ad¬ 
dressed to? 

A. 

To conductor and each engineer and 
pilot, if there be one. 

Q. 273: 

A. 

Must each receive a copy? 

Yes. 


45 


Q. 274: What are the duties of conductors 
and engineers when they change 
off? 

A. They must transfer all train orders 

and know they are understood, and 
obtain a written receipt, and con¬ 
ductors and engineers must com¬ 
pare their orders. 

Q. 275: How must regular trains be desig¬ 
nated in train orders? 

A. By their number, followed by their 
engine number. 

Q. 276: How must extra trains be designat¬ 
ed in train orders? 

A. By their engine number and direc¬ 

tions when necessary. 

Q. 277: How must extra trains be de¬ 
scribed? 

A. Extra for freight train, passenger 

extra for passenger train, mixed ex¬ 
tra for combination passenger and 
freight train, work extra for work 
train, plow extra for snow ploughs, 
engine extra for one or more en¬ 
gines coupled without cars. 

Q. 278: When there are two or more en¬ 
gines on a train, which engine num¬ 
ber will be used to designate the 
train ? 

A. The leading engine. 

Q. 279: Do you understand that in the body 
of train order time and all num¬ 
bers, except number of regular 
train, except in train orders form 
K, and of engines, and of the day of 
the month, when the day of the 


46 


A, 

week is given, must be written in 
words and duplicated by figures? 

I do. 

Q. 280: 

Must those who sign a 31 order read 
it aloud to the operator? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 281: 

Must the conductor personally de¬ 
liver orders to those who should re¬ 
ceive them? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 282: 

In case there is no conductor, who 
is to receive and deliver orders? 

A. 

The leading engineer. 

Q. 283: 

Are those receiving a 19 order re¬ 
quired to sign for them? 

A. 

No. 

Q. 284: 

May a 19 order he issued to re¬ 
strict the superiority of a train? 

A. 

No. 

Q. 285: 

When a 31 order has been sent and 
repeated, or X response sent, and 
the line fails before “complete” has 
been given, may a train proceed? 

A. 

No. 

Q. 286: 

If the wire fails before an office has 
repeated an order or sent the X re¬ 
sponse, is the order of any effect? 

A. 

No. 


Q. 287: Do you understand that engineers 
must read their train orders to their 
firemen, and conductors to their 
rear brakemen? 


Q. 288: Do yon understand that an order to 


A. 

be delivered to a train at a point 
which is not a telegraph office, may 
be sent in care of another train or 
person? 

I do. 

Q. 289: 

\vhen a 31 order is used, on whose 
signature will “complete” be given? 

A. 

Person by whom order is to oe de¬ 
livered. 

Q. 290: 

For what purpose does the man car¬ 
rying the order require an extra 
copy? 

A. 

Upon which he shall take their sig¬ 
nature. 

Q. 291: 

To whom must the extra copy be 
given after securing signature re¬ 
quired? 

A. 

The first available operator. 

Q. 292: 

Must orders so delivered be acted 
upon as if “complete” had been giv¬ 
en in the usual way? 

A. 

Yes. 

N. B.—The superior direction is 
east, and even numbered trains are 
in the superior direction. 

Q. 293: 

When a train is mentioned in an 
order, are all its sections included? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 294: 

Assuming that No. 2, first class, 
held an order to meet No. 1, first 
class, at A, and No. 1 displayed 
green signals, could No. 2 proceed, 
after meeting first section No. 1? 

A. 

No. 


48 


Q. 295: If second No. 1 held an order “No. 

2 will meet No. 1 at A,” could sec¬ 
ond No. 1 proceed to A against No. 
2 ? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 296: Assuming No. 2 held an order, “No. 2 
will meet No. 37 at A,” and No. 37 
displayed green signals, could No. 2 
proceed, after first meeting No. 37? 

A. No. 

Q. 297: Assuming third No. 37 held a copy 
of the above order, could it run 
against No. 2 to A? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 298: Has a section of a train any right 
to follow a preceding section 
against and on the time of a supe¬ 
rior train, unless authorized by train 
orders to do so? 

A. No. 

Q. 299: Assuming train No. 2 and No. 3, Of 
the same class, and No. 2 held an 
order, “No. 2 will meet No. 1 at 
A and second No. 3 at C,” second 
No. 3 displays green signals; how 
would No. 2 be governed as to first 
and third No. 3? 

A. First and third No. 3 would have to 

keep out of No. 2’s way. 

Q. 300: With the following order, “Engine 
80 and 85 will run as first and sec¬ 
ond No. 37 D to A, first No. 37 will 
meet No. 2 at C,” could second No. 
37 follow first No. 37 against No. 2 
to C? 

A. No. 


49 


Q. 301: Assuming extra No. 369 held an or¬ 
der to meet second No. 2 at B, how 
would it be governed as to first and 
third No. 2? 

A. It would keep out of the way of 
first and third No. 2. 

Q. 302: If No. 2 held an order reading, “No. 

2 will meet No. 1 at A,” No. 1 dis¬ 
plays green signal, and at A No. 2 
received an order to meet second 
No. 1 at B, second No. 1 displays 
green signals, would No. 2 have a 
right to proceed from B against 
third No. 1? 

A. No. 

Q. 303: If your train received a meeting 
order against a superior train, and 

it read “This order to-, at 

the meeting point,” do you under¬ 
stand that the inferior train must 
use extra precaution in approaching 
the meeting point? 

A. I do. 

Q. 304: How long do train orders once in 
effect continue so? 

A. Until fulfilled, superseded or annull¬ 
ed, or become void by a regular 
train losing its rights to track. 

Q. 305: May any part of an order supersed¬ 
ing a particular movement be either 
superseded or annulled? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 306: Y/here are train order signals to be 
found, and what are they to be used 
for? 

A. At train order office; for stopping 
trains, as per rules. 


50 



>€> 


Q. 307: If a train is stopped by a train or¬ 
der signal, what must it have be¬ 
fore proceeding? 

A. A clearance. 

Q. 308: If an engine passes a train order 
signal indicating “stop,” may it pro¬ 
ceed without a clearance? 

A. No. 

Q. 309: May a train which has not been 

stopped by a train order signal, af¬ 
terwards proceed without a clear¬ 
ance, if the train order signal indi¬ 
cates “stop:'' 

A. No. 

Q. 310: What is required of you where a 
light is not displayed in a train or¬ 
der signal at a night telegraph of¬ 
fice? 

A. Stop and ascertain the cause, and 

report from the first telegraph sta¬ 
tion. 

Q. 311: When an order signal of semaphore 
type is used, what is the “stop” in¬ 
dication? 

A. A red light or the arm horizontal. 

. 312: What is “proceed” indication? 

A green light or the arm at diagonal 
position. 

Q. 313: Where target type is used, what is 
“stop” signal? 

A. A red light or the target at right 
angle to the main track. 

Q. 314: What is “proceed” indication? 

A. A green light or the target parallel 
with the main track. 


51 


Q. 315: If train No. 2 and No. 1 held an or- 


A. 

der to meet at B, what train takes 
siding? 

No. 1. 

Q. 316: 

If up Extra 619 and down Extra 324 
held an order to meet at B, which 
train would take the siding at B? 

A. 

Up Extra 619, west bound train. 

Q. 317: 

Assuming No. 1 and No. 3 held an 
order, “No. 1 will pass No. 3 at 
A,” how must each be governed? 

A. 

Run to A and allow No. 1 to pass 
promptly. 

Q. 318: 

Assuming No. 6, first class, held an 
order, “Extra 594 will run ahead of 
No. 6 from A to D,” how would No. 
6 be governed? 

A. 

Will not exceed the speed of Extra 
594 A to D, keeping a sharp look¬ 
out for it. 

Q. 319: 

If No. 6 overtook Extra 594 at C, 
how would Extra 594 be governed? 

A. 

Allow No. 6 to pass it promptly. 

Q. 320: 

May a train receiving an order that 
another train will pass or run ahead 
of it, exceed the speed of the other 
train between the points designat¬ 
ed? 

A. 

No. 

Q. 321: 

Do you understand that a train re¬ 
ceiving an order to run ahead or 
pass another train, is not required 
to keep clear of the time of such 
other train, but must be protected 
when it is liable to be overtaken by 
it? 

A. 

I do. 


52 


Q. 322: Assuming No. 2 held an order, “No. 

21 has rignt over No. 2 A to D,” 
may No. 2 pass D before the arrival 
of No. 21, and how must it proceed? 

A. Yes, proceeding on its own right, 
and keeping off the time of No. 21, 
D to A. 

Q. 323: Which of the above trains, No. 2 
or No. 21, is entitled to main track 
at A and D? 

A. No. 2. 

Q. 324: Which at B and C? 

A. No. 21. 

Q. 325: If No. 2 met 21 at C, what is re¬ 
quired of No. 2? 

A. Stop No. 21, and notify it of No. 2’s 
arrival. 

Q. 326: If No. 21 makes E, a point beyond 
the limit named in the order for 
No. 2, what is No. 21 required to 
do? 

A. Stop No. 2 and notify it of No. 21’s 

arrival. 

Q. 327: Assuming orders read “Extra 209 
has a right over No. 2 A to D,” under 
what circumstances could No. 2 
pass D? 

A. On the arrival of Extra 209. 

Q. 328: If Extra 209 afterwards received an 
order at B to meet No. 2 at C, which 
train would take the siding? 

A. No. 2. 

Q. 329: If at D No. 2 received an order “Ex¬ 
tra 209 will wait at C until 10 a. m. 

53 


A. 

for No. 2,” what time would No. 2 
he required to clear main track at 
C? 

Ten a. m. 

Q. 330: 

If Extra 209 reached D before meet¬ 
ing No. 2, what would it be required 
to do? 

A. 

Keep out of the way of No. 2. 

Q. 331: 

Assuming all regular trains have 
right of track over No. 2 between A 
and D, how must No. 2 run with re¬ 
gard to all regular trains? 

A. 

As though it was an extra, keeping 
clear of all regular trains. 

Q. 332: 

How would No. 2 he governed as to 
No. 16, third class train? 

A. 

Keep clear of it between A and D. 

Q. 333: 

Assuming engine No. 90 held an or¬ 
der “Line clear to D for engine 90” 
what right does it confer? 

A. 

The right of track for engine 90, 
from where it received the order, 
to D. 

Q. 334: 

In case it stopped between A and 
D, would it require to be protected 
by a flagman? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 335: 

Must trains running on line clear¬ 
ance orders observe rule for follow¬ 
ing train? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 336: 

Assuming No. 2, first class, held an 
order, “No. 2 will run 50 minutes 

A. 

late A to D,” how must it proceed? 
As though its schedule time was 
50 minutes later. 


54 


Q. 337: 


A. 

A. 

A. 


If No. 2 is due to leave A at 8 a. m., 
B at 8:30, C at 8:50, D at 9:20, and 
No. 1, same class, held an order, 
“No. 2 will run 50 minutes late A 
to C, 40 minutes late C to D, and 
30 minutes late D to E,” what time 
would No. 1 require to clear main 
track, with switches right and se¬ 
cure, at: 

B 9:20. 

C 9:30. 

D 9:50. 


Q. 338: Under same schedule and orders, 
what time should an inferior class 
require to be clear of main track 
at: 


A. 

B 

9:15. 



A. 

C 

9:25. 



A. 

D 

9:45. 



Q. 

339: What time could 

No. 2 

leave each 


of above points? 



A. 

B 

9:20. 



A. 

C 

9:30. 



A. 

D 

9:50. 



Q. 

340: If 

No. 1 held an 

order, 

“No. 2 will 


wait at C until 9:05 a. m. for No. 1,” 
both first class trains, what time 
should No. 1 be clear of main track 
at C, with switches right and se¬ 
cure? 

A. 9:05 a. m. 

Q. 341: If No. 2 was due at C at 8:50 and 
Extra 430 held an order, “No. 2 will 
wait at C until 9:05 for Extra 430,” 
what time should Extra 430 be clear 
of main line at C, with switches 
right and secure? t.rfC. 

A. At 9:00 a. m. 

55 


Q. 342: If Extra 430 did not arrive at C 
at 9:05, at what time could No. 2 
proceed from C? 

A. 9:05. 

Q. 343: If Extra 430 arrived at C at 8:55, 
at what time could No. 2 leave C? 

A. On arrival of Extra 430. 

Q. 344: If engines 80, 85 and 90 held an or¬ 
der, “Engines 80, 85 and 90 will run 
as 1st, 2nd and 3rd No. 1, Doun to 
Berlin,” what would he required of 
them? 

A. Engine 80 will run as 1st No. 1; 85 
as 2nd No. 1, displaying green sig¬ 
nals; engine 90 will run as 3rd No. 
1, not displaying green signals, to 
Berlin. 

Q. 345: Assuming engines 85 and 90 held 
an order, “Engine 85 will run as 
2nd No. 1 and display green for en¬ 
gine 90, London to Dover,” how 
would engine 90 proceed? 

A. Engine 90 will run as the next sec¬ 
tion between the points named, but 
will not display green signals. 

Q. 346: If at Paris orders were received, 
“Engine 85 is annulled as 2nd No. 1 
from Paris, following sections will 
change numbers accordingly,” how 
would engines 85 and 90 be govern¬ 
ed? 

A. Engine 85 will take down her sig¬ 
nals, ask for instructions; engine 
90 will run as 2nd No. 1, not display¬ 
ing signals. 

Q. 347: If* at Havre orders were received, 
“Engine 90 is annulled as 2nd No. 1 


56 


from Havre,” what would be requir¬ 
ed of engines 80 and 90? 

A. Engine 80 would take down her 
signals and proceed on No. 1; 
engine 90 would ask for instruc¬ 
tions. 

Q. 348: If engine 99 held an order, “En¬ 
gine 99 will run extra A to D,” how 
must it proceed? 

A. Proceed as an extra A to D, keep¬ 
ing clear of all regular trains, as 
required by rules, displaying white 
signals. 

Q. 349: If engine 77 held an order, “Engine 
77 will run passenger extra, leaving 
Dublin on Thursday, February 17th, 
as follows, with right over all trains, 
Dublin, 8 a. m. 

Edinburgh, 8:30, 

London, 8:55, 

Dover, 9:10,” what signals should 
it carry? 

A. Two whites. 

Q. 350: How much should all trains clear 
it? 

A. An opposing train 5 minutes; a 
train in the same direction, 10 min¬ 
utes. 

Q. 351: If orders read, “Except No. 1, first 
class,” how many minutes should 
it clear No. 1? 

A. Five minutes. 

Q. 352: If Extra 77 held an order to run 
30 minutes late, on schedule, on 
above order, how much of this time 
could be used by trains over which 
Extra 77 had right of track? 

A. Twenty-five minutes. 

57 


Q. 353: If engine 292 held an order, “En¬ 
gine 292 will work extra 6 a. m. un¬ 
til 7 p. m. between A and D,” what 
would it be required to do? 

A. Keep clear of all regular trains. 

Q. 354: How should an extra D to A that 
received a copy of above order at D, 
be governed? 

A. Must not enter into limits named in 
the order until the time named has 
expired, without orders to do other¬ 
wise, unless protected. 

Q. 355: When must work Extra 292 be cleap 
of main track, under this question? 

A. At 7 p. m. 

Q. 356: If Work Extra 292 received orders, 
“Work Extra 292 will keep clea v r of 
or protect against down Extra 223 
between A and D after 2:10 p. m.,” 
what would it be required to do? 

A. Get out of the way of Extra 223, or 
protect itself. 

Q. 357: How should down Extra 223 be gov¬ 
erned? 

A. No. 223 Must not pass within the 
limits named, before the time given. 

Q. 358: If down E^xtra 223 received an or¬ 
der, “Extra 223 protect against 
Work Extra 292 between A and 
D,” how would it proceed? 

A. Under protection as per rule. 

Q. 359: If Work Extra received orders in 
question 353, with the words “pro¬ 
tecting itself,” added, how should it 
be governed? 

A. It should be protected at all times 
in both directions. 

58 


>€> 


Q. 360: May work extras work on the time 
of regular trains without orders? 

A. No. 

Q. 361: Work Extra 275 has right over all 

trains between A and D from 7 a. m. 
until 12:30 p. m., when should it 
clear main track? 

A. 12:30 p. m. 

Q. 362: If No. 2 received above order at 
A, how should it be governed? 

A. No. 2 must not enter limits Earned 

until after 12:30 p. m., unless au¬ 

thorized to do so. 

. 363: If an extra received this orde¥? 

Extra must not enter limits named 
until after 12:30 p. m., unless au¬ 
thorized so to do. 

Q. 364: If No. 2 held an order addressed to 
operator at A, reading, “Hold No. 
2, engine 85/’ or “Hold all down 
trains,” how should No. 2 be gov¬ 
erned? 

A. No. 2 will respect the order as 
though it was addressed to it, and 
must not proceed unless orders to 
the contrary, such as “Supersed¬ 
ed,” “Annulled,” or “You may go.” 

Q. 365: If Extra 409 held an order, “Extra 
409 will hold at B,” how should it 
be governed? 

A. No. 409 must not proceed from the 
point named, until the order is su¬ 
perseded, annulled, or an order is 
received, “You may go from B.” 

Q. 366: If a train held an order to run at 
a specified number of miles per 


59 


3 

hour, do you understand the speci¬ 
fied time must not be made unless 
safe to do so? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 367: 

“No. 1 of Thursday, February 24th, 
is annulled between A and B,” how 
does this affect the right of that 
train ? 

A. 

No. 1 loses right of track under 
both train orders and schedule, be¬ 
tween the points named. 

Q. 368: 

How would other trains he governed 
between A and B? 

A. 

As though there was no No. 1 of 
that date between points mentioned. 

Q. 369: 

When a train is annulled to any 
given point, are its rights affected 
beyond that point? 

A. 

No. 

Q. 370: 

When a train has been annulled, 
may it again be restored under its 
original number by train orders? 

A. 

No. 

Q. 371: 

If Extra 432 held an order to meet 
No. 2 at B, and at B Extra 432 re¬ 
ceived an order that No. 2 was an¬ 
nulled between A and B, could Ex¬ 
tra 432 proceed against No. 2, B to 
A? 

A. 

Yes. 

Q. 372: 

Must an order annulling another or¬ 
der be numbered and signed for, the 
same as any other order? 

A. 

Yes. 


60 


Q. 373: May an order that has been an¬ 
nulled he re-issued under its origin¬ 
al number? 

A. No. 

Q. 374: May an order that has been super¬ 
seded be re-issued under its original 
number? 

A. No. 

Q. 375: May an order that has been super¬ 
seded be restored by annulling the 
superseding order? 

A. Yes. 

Interlocking Rules. 

Q. 376: What is an interlocking station? 

A. A place from which an interlocking 
plant is operated. 

Q. 377: What are interlocking signals? 

A. The fixed signal of an interlocking 

plant. 

Q. 378: What is a home signal? 

A. A fixed signal where trains are to 
stop, when the route is not clear. 

Q. 379: What is a distant signal? 

A. A fixed signal used in connection 

with the home signal, to regulate 
the approach thereto. 

Q. 380: A dwarf signal? 

A. A low fixed signal. 


61 


Signals. 


Q. 381: When the arm of a home signal is 
horizontal or a red light displayed, 
what does it indicate? 

A. Stop, route not clear. 

Q. 382: When the arm is diagonal or a 
green light displayed, what does it 
indicate? 

A. Route clear, proceed. 

Q. 383: When the arm of a distant signal 
is horizontal, or a yellow light is dis¬ 
played, what does it indicate? 

A. nome signal at stop, proceed cau¬ 

tiously to home signal. 

Q. 384: When the arm is diagonal, or a 
green light displayed, what does it 
indicate? 

A. Home signal clear, proceed. 

Q. 385: How is the arm of a distant signal 
distinguished from that of a home 
signal? 

A. Distant, a forked end; home, a 
square end. 

Q. 386: On which side of the signal mast is 
the governing arm displayed to an 
approaching train? 

A. On the right side. 


Q. 387: 


A. 


Does the back view of a signal gov¬ 
ern the movement of a train? 

No. 


Q. 388: When there is more than one sig¬ 
nal at a mast, which signal governs 
the main track? 

A. The highest one. 


62 


Q. 389: In case of a dwarf signal, which 
track does it govern? 

A. The track to the right. 

Q. 390: Do interlocking signals, unless oth¬ 
erwise provided, affect the move¬ 
ment of trains under the time table 
or train rules? 

A. No. 

Q. 391: Do they dispense with the use of 
or the observance of other signals 
whenever they may be required? 

A. No. 

Q. 392: May trains or engines run beyond 
a signal indicating “stop?” 

A. No, only as per rule. 

Q. 393: If a “clear” signal, after being ac¬ 
cepted, is changed to a “stop” sig¬ 
nal, before it is reached, what is re¬ 
quired of the train? 

A. Stop. 

Q. 394: May an engineer or trainman accept 

“clear” hand signals as against fix¬ 
ed signals, before they are fully in¬ 
formed of the situation, and know 
they are protected? 

A. No. 

Q. 395: When fixed signals are in operation, 
may trainmen give “clear” hand sig¬ 
nal against them? 

A. No. 

Q. 396: What whistle signal must engineer 

of a train which has parted, sound, 
approaching an interlocking sta¬ 
tion? 

A. Three long. 


63 


Q. 397: Must an engineer answer a train 
parted signal received from a signal 
man? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 398: Must the signal man be notified af¬ 
ter a parted train has been re¬ 
coupled? 

A. Yes. 

Q. 399: Must sand be used over movable 

parts of the plant? 

A. No. 

Q. 400: What is required of trains or en¬ 
gines stopping in making a move¬ 
ment through a plant, before mov¬ 
ing in either direction? 

A. Must not move in either direction 

until they have received the proper 
signal from signal man. 


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